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Gayther

Worldwide LGBTQIA+ Families

A guide to the countries of the world and their laws and positions regarding adoption, surrogacy, and the overall family structure
Gayther Family - Families Main
The gay, lesbian, bisexual, transgender, and all groups with non-traditional gender and sexual identities, collectively known as the LGBTQIA+ community, have been around in many forms for thousands of years. The community faced hundreds of years of persecution, targeted campaigns and gruesome convictions when prosecuted. It was not until the late 18th century that the gay movement began to gain momentum, with prominent people advocating for equality and a movement that continues today.

The LGBTQIA+ equality index focuses on the community’s global status, rights, and legal treatment. The index is compiled by reviewing the many rules and laws that directly affect and impact the community, areas such as the same-sex legal status, the right to marry, anti-discrimination laws and other key metrics
KEY FACT

62 or 36.5%

of countries recognise LGBTQIA+ Joint or Second Parent Adoption
SOURCE: Gayther LGBTQIA+ Families Index
LGBTQIA+ Equality Index
33.5%
of countries score high or very high
Same-Sex Unions or Marriages
32.2%
75 countries recognise same-sex unions or marriages
Legal Gender Recognition
40.8%
95 countries legally recognise gender identities
LGBTQIA+ Families
36.47%
62 countries legally recognise same-sex joint or second-parent adoptions
LGBTQIA+ Dollar
$1.59
trillion
added to the world economy
LGBTQIA+ Population
217.3
million
estimated people living within communities across the globe
Gay Conversion Therapy
6%
or 14 countries have laws with full bans relating to Gay Conversion Therapy

Contents

| IN PAGE LINKS

LOCATOR

Select
a country or territory from the dropdown list
Discover the status of LGBTQIA+ family rights in any country…
Gayther Families - Dropdown (300px)

SUMMARY

discover the key points and
interesting facts
Explore the highlights from the index, including notable developments, achievements, and much more.
Gayther Families - Graph 2025
KEY FACTS
xx
Overview
xx
Developments from the Previous Year
xx
Your choosen family
Learn more about the legal process and the different types of adoption and fostering, where parental rights and responsibilities for the child are transferred to an adult.
From birth
Learn more about the methods to conceive and give birth to children. From insemination and surrogacy to IVF, the guide offers helpful explanations of the laws in different countries.

INTERACTIVE MAP

explore the world with the
interactive map
click here  Click on a specific country within the map to find out more about LGBTQIA+ Family related matters
Explore the world
Travelling is one of the most popular hobbies and interests around the world. Exploring new places, cultures, and experiences is both exciting and rewarding. For most people, knowing the best time to visit and basic travel details is enough; however, for the LGBTQIA+ community, further research is necessary. The Gayther Travel guides cover hundreds of countries and regions, providing essential travel information, useful terms in local languages, and important health advice, including details on how each country treats members of the LGBTQIA+ community. Discover Gayther guides today.

ABOUT THE FAMILY

important things to know
about the index
Gayther Family - About (1)
The term family means different things to different people. To some, the word represents a group of individuals who are descendants of a common ancestor and related by blood, marriage, adoption, or strong emotional bonds. In contrast, others define family not by blood or familial connection, but as a group of people who love, provide security, and offer a sense of belonging and community. Whatever the definition, it ultimately involves people connecting, forming relationships, caring for each other, and supporting one another.

Though some define family purely in terms of genetics, it is much more than that; it is about emotional bonds, shared experiences, and the love and support we give and receive. Many of us have family bonds based on who our parents, siblings (the nuclear family), grandparents, cousins, aunts, and uncles are (extended family).

Families can be biological and genetic, but they can also be the families we choose. The people we surround ourselves with, through friendships, mentorships, or community, highlight that family is about meaningful relationships, not just genetics. In essence, family is about the relationships and bonds we choose and nurture, which can be as important as, if not more important than, any biological connections.
Positive representation helps in
Acceptance and coming to terms with a part of what makes you can be challenging for many people. The Gayther pride in series is about celebrating all things relating to sexualities, gender identities and special groups. Showcasing the exceptional people, interesting facts and ways to connect with those unique communities, all designed to help and promote pride in LGBTQIA+ identities.
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FREQUENTLY ASKED QUESTIONS

all the questions most
commonly asked
Discover answers to some of the most commonly asked questions about the index and the wider community.
Gayther Family - Different
ARE LGBTQIA+ FAMILIES DIFFERENT?
The simple answer is no. If you define a family as one with loving parents, their gender or sexuality has less impact on the family’s status or validity. Whether it involves two mothers, two fathers, co-parenting among various arrangements, or a bisexual couple with children, the reality is that, for the children and the parents, their family is their reality and what they see as normal and real. Although your sexuality and gender identity are part of who you are, they are not the only aspects. We are influenced by many personality traits and behavioural factors rooted in our experiences, values, beliefs, cultures, and other environmental factors. Essentially, LGBTQIA+ individuals are no different from others in local communities, with the main difference often being who they love or how they choose to identify. Many LGBTQIA+ people bring empathy and understanding, which is evident in how they interact with others and raise their families. Through personal struggles and challenges, they gain insight into accepting people for who they are and help their children navigate who they might become.
Gayther Family - Child
DO LGBTQIA+ PEOPLE HAVE GAY CHILDREN?
No, although we have learned much about anatomy, genetics, sexuality, and gender identities over the centuries, one thing is clear: a person’s sexuality or gender identity is by design, not a choice and not by mistake. People can choose to suppress but never change who they are. Simply put, LGBTQIA+ individuals are born that way, and many community members—both now and in the past—were born to straight parents; in the same way, many community members can have straight children. Being part of an LGBTQIA+ family will have no impact on your sexuality or gender identity; it just means you will be in an environment that is typically more accepting and supportive regarding self-choice, the right to self-determination, and body autonomy.
Gayther Family - Allowed
ARE LGBTQIA+ PEOPLE ALLOWED TO START OR FORM FAMILIES?
It depends; each country has different laws and approaches regarding the LGBTQIA+ community. In over a quarter of the world’s countries and territories, people live in societies that still criminalise same-sex relationships. Even in countries that do not criminalise them, many still do not permit or outright ban LGBTQIA+ individuals from adopting or accessing fertility services. Historically, many LGBTQIA+ individuals formed families not necessarily as individuals or couples identifying as LGBTQIA+, but by creating family structures while hiding or suppressing who they truly were. Today, with greater acceptance and understanding of LGBTQIA+ identities, more people are forming loving, caring families and proudly identifying as LGBTQIA+.
Understanding the world around us with
Discover the Gayther Indices, community-related trackers that are among the most comprehensive LGBTQIA+ resources worldwide, covering a wide range of themes from global equality to healthcare systems, to help inform and engage everyone. Whether you are looking for the perfect travel destination or aiming to better understand and support equal rights for community members across the globe, the Gayther Indices are your essential international resource.
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USEFUL PHRASES

Common phrases and terms in
over 80 languages
PLEASE SELECT A COUNTRY FROM THE DROP-DOWN LIST TO DISCOVER COMMON PHRASES RELATING TO FAMILIES

Gayther Families - Phrases (500px)
FAMILY LIFE
ADOPTION
ALTRUISTIC
DAUGHTER
DONOR
FAMILY LAW
FATHER
FERTILITY
HUMAN REPRODUCTIVE
LEGAL GUARDIANSHIP
MOTHER
PARENTAL RIGHTS
REPRODUCTIVE RIGHTS
SON
SURROGATE
What is spoken where
It is estimated that over seven thousand languages and dialects are spoken worldwide. When travelling, it is essential to learn which languages are spoken in various areas, as well as key phrases and words in those languages. The Gayther Worldwide Languages Guide features all the main languages spoken globally, organised by country and region. Discover everything about languages today.

BY COUNTRY

Explore the index by
county as a list
Learn more about the LGBTQIA+ equality status for any given country. The status is based on a scale that assesses the laws and regulations governing how that country treats the local community. To understand a particular status, click here to view the definition section. The countries are in alphabetical order, and if you want to learn more about any given country, click on the flag, which will open the required content in a new window
QUICK LINKS | A | B | C | D E F | G | H I J | K L | M | N | O P Q | R S | T | U V W X Y Z
A  
Afghanistan Flag
AFGHANISTAN |
Albania Flag
ALBANIA |
Algeria Flag
ALGERIA |
American Samoa Flag
AMERICAN SAMOA |
Andorra Flag
ANDORRA |
Angola Flag
ANGOLA |
Anguilla Flag
ANGUILLA |
Antigua and Barbuda Flag
ANTIGUA AND BARBUDA |
Argentina Flag
ARGENTINA |
Armenia Flag
ARMENIA |
Australia Flag
AUSTRALIA |
Austria Flag
AUSTRIA |
Azerbaijan Flag
AZERBAIJAN |
 
B  
Bahamas, The Flag
BAHAMAS, THE |
Bahrain Flag
BAHRAIN |
Bangladesh Flag
BANGLADESH |
Barbados Flag
BARBADOS |
Belarus Flag
BELARUS |
Belgium Flag
BELGIUM |
Belize Flag
BELIZE |
Benin Flag
BENIN |
Bermuda Flag
BERMUDA |
Bhutan Flag
BHUTAN |
Bolivia Flag
BOLIVIA |
Bosnia and Herzegovina Flag
BOSNIA AND HERZEGOVINA |
Botswana Flag
BOTSWANA |
Brazil Flag
BRAZIL |
British Virgin Islands Flag
BRITISH VIRGIN ISLANDS |
Brunei Darussalam Flag
BRUNEI DARUSSALAM |
Bulgaria Flag
BULGARIA |
Burkina Faso Flag
BURKINA FASO |
Burundi Flag
BURUNDI |
 
C  
Cambodia Flag
CAMBODIA |
Cameroon Flag
CAMEROON |
Canada Flag
CANADA |
Cape Verde (Cabo Verde) Flag
CAPE VERDE (CABO VERDE) |
Caribbean Netherlands Flag
CARIBBEAN NETHERLANDS |
Cayman Islands Flag
CAYMAN ISLANDS |
Central African Republic Flag
CENTRAL AFRICAN REPUBLIC |
Chad Flag
CHAD |
Channel Islands Flag
CHANNEL ISLANDS |
Chile Flag
CHILE |
China Flag
CHINA |
Colombia Flag
COLOMBIA |
Comoros Flag
COMOROS |
Congo, D.Rep Flag
CONGO, D.REP |
Congo, Rep Flag
CONGO, REP |
Cook Islands Flag
COOK ISLANDS |
Costa Rica Flag
COSTA RICA |
Croatia Flag
CROATIA |
Cuba Flag
CUBA |
Cyprus Flag
CYPRUS |
Czech Republic (Czechia) Flag
CZECH REPUBLIC (CZECHIA) |
 
D E F  
Denmark Flag
DENMARK |
Djibouti Flag
DJIBOUTI |
Dominica Flag
DOMINICA |
Dominican Republic Flag
DOMINICAN REPUBLIC |
East Timor (Timor-Leste) Flag
EAST TIMOR (TIMOR-LESTE) |
Ecuador Flag
ECUADOR |
Egypt Flag
EGYPT |
El Salvador Flag
EL SALVADOR |
Equatorial Guinea Flag
EQUATORIAL GUINEA |
Eritrea Flag
ERITREA |
Estonia Flag
ESTONIA |
Ethiopia Flag
ETHIOPIA |
Falkland Islands (Las Malvinas) Flag
FALKLAND ISLANDS (LAS MALVINAS) |
Fiji Flag
FIJI |
Finland Flag
FINLAND |
France Flag
FRANCE |
French Guiana Flag
FRENCH GUIANA |
French Polynesia Flag
FRENCH POLYNESIA |
 
G  
Gabon Flag
GABON |
Gambia, The Flag
GAMBIA, THE |
Georgia Flag
GEORGIA |
Germany Flag
GERMANY |
Ghana Flag
GHANA |
Gibraltar Flag
GIBRALTAR |
Greece Flag
GREECE |
Greenland Flag
GREENLAND |
Grenada Flag
GRENADA |
Guadeloupe Flag
GUADELOUPE |
Guam Flag
GUAM |
Guatemala Flag
GUATEMALA |
Guinea Flag
GUINEA |
Guinea-Bissau Flag
GUINEA-BISSAU |
Guyana Flag
GUYANA |
H I J  
Haiti Flag
HAITI |
Honduras Flag
HONDURAS |
Hong Kong Flag
HONG KONG |
Hungary Flag
HUNGARY |
Iceland Flag
ICELAND |
India Flag
INDIA |
Indonesia Flag
INDONESIA |
Iran, Islamic Republic of Flag
IRAN, ISLAMIC REPUBLIC OF |
Iraq Flag
IRAQ |
Ireland Flag
IRELAND |
Isle of Man Flag
ISLE OF MAN |
Israel Flag
ISRAEL |
Italy Flag
ITALY |
Ivory Coast (Cote d'Ivoire) Flag
IVORY COAST (COTE D'IVOIRE) |
Jamaica Flag
JAMAICA |
Japan Flag
JAPAN |
Jordan Flag
JORDAN |
 
K L  
Kazakhstan Flag
KAZAKHSTAN |
Kenya Flag
KENYA |
Kiribati Flag
KIRIBATI |
Korea, North (D.Rep) Flag
KOREA, NORTH (D.REP) |
Korea, South (Rep) Flag
KOREA, SOUTH (REP) |
Kosovo, Republic of Flag
KOSOVO, REPUBLIC OF |
Kuwait Flag
KUWAIT |
Kyrgyzstan Flag
KYRGYZSTAN |
Laos Flag
LAOS |
Latvia Flag
LATVIA |
Lebanon Flag
LEBANON |
Lesotho Flag
LESOTHO |
Liberia Flag
LIBERIA |
Libya Flag
LIBYA |
Liechtenstein Flag
LIECHTENSTEIN |
Lithuania Flag
LITHUANIA |
Luxembourg Flag
LUXEMBOURG |
 
M  
Macau Flag
MACAU |
Madagascar Flag
MADAGASCAR |
Malawi Flag
MALAWI |
Malaysia Flag
MALAYSIA |
Maldives Flag
MALDIVES |
Mali Flag
MALI |
Malta Flag
MALTA |
Marshall Islands Flag
MARSHALL ISLANDS |
Martinique Flag
MARTINIQUE |
Mauritania Flag
MAURITANIA |
Mauritius Flag
MAURITIUS |
Mayotte Flag
MAYOTTE |
Mexico Flag
MEXICO |
Micronesia, F.S Flag
MICRONESIA, F.S |
Moldova Flag
MOLDOVA |
Monaco Flag
MONACO |
Mongolia Flag
MONGOLIA |
Montenegro Flag
MONTENEGRO |
Morocco Flag
MOROCCO |
Mozambique Flag
MOZAMBIQUE |
Myanmar Flag
MYANMAR |
 
N  
Namibia Flag
NAMIBIA |
Nauru Flag
NAURU |
Nepal Flag
NEPAL |
Netherlands Flag
NETHERLANDS |
Netherlands Antilles Flag
NETHERLANDS ANTILLES |
New Caledonia Flag
NEW CALEDONIA |
New Zealand Flag
NEW ZEALAND |
Nicaragua Flag
NICARAGUA |
Niger Flag
NIGER |
Nigeria Flag
NIGERIA |
Niue Flag
NIUE |
North Macedonia Flag
NORTH MACEDONIA |
Northern Mariana Islands Flag
NORTHERN MARIANA ISLANDS |
Norway Flag
NORWAY |
 
O P Q  
Oman Flag
OMAN |
Pakistan Flag
PAKISTAN |
Palau Flag
PALAU |
Palestine, State of Flag
PALESTINE, STATE OF |
Panama Flag
PANAMA |
Papua New Guinea Flag
PAPUA NEW GUINEA |
Paraguay Flag
PARAGUAY |
Peru Flag
PERU |
Philippines Flag
PHILIPPINES |
Pitcairn Islands Flag
PITCAIRN ISLANDS |
Poland Flag
POLAND |
Portugal Flag
PORTUGAL |
Puerto Rico Flag
PUERTO RICO |
Qatar Flag
QATAR |
R S  
Reunion Flag
REUNION |
Romania Flag
ROMANIA |
Russia Flag
RUSSIA |
Rwanda Flag
RWANDA |
Saint Barthelemy (Barts) Flag
SAINT BARTHELEMY (BARTS) |
Saint Helena Flag
SAINT HELENA |
Saint Kitts and Nevis Flag
SAINT KITTS AND NEVIS |
Saint Lucia Flag
SAINT LUCIA |
Saint Martin (Dutch) Flag
SAINT MARTIN (DUTCH) |
Saint Martin (French) Flag
SAINT MARTIN (FRENCH) |
Saint Pierre and Miquelon Flag
SAINT PIERRE AND MIQUELON |
Saint Vincent and the Grenadines Flag
SAINT VINCENT AND THE GRENADINES |
Samoa Flag
SAMOA |
San Marino Flag
SAN MARINO |
Sao Tome and Principe Flag
SAO TOME AND PRINCIPE |
Saudi Arabia Flag
SAUDI ARABIA |
Senegal Flag
SENEGAL |
Serbia Flag
SERBIA |
Seychelles Flag
SEYCHELLES |
Sierra Leone Flag
SIERRA LEONE |
Singapore Flag
SINGAPORE |
Slovakia Flag
SLOVAKIA |
Slovenia Flag
SLOVENIA |
Solomon Islands Flag
SOLOMON ISLANDS |
Somalia Flag
SOMALIA |
South Africa Flag
SOUTH AFRICA |
South Sudan Flag
SOUTH SUDAN |
Spain Flag
SPAIN |
Sri Lanka Flag
SRI LANKA |
Sudan Flag
SUDAN |
Suriname Flag
SURINAME |
Swaziland (Eswatini) Flag
SWAZILAND (ESWATINI) |
Sweden Flag
SWEDEN |
Switzerland Flag
SWITZERLAND |
Syria Flag
SYRIA |
 
T  
Taiwan Flag
TAIWAN |
Tajikistan Flag
TAJIKISTAN |
Tanzania Flag
TANZANIA |
Thailand Flag
THAILAND |
Togo Flag
TOGO |
Tokelau Flag
TOKELAU |
Tonga Flag
TONGA |
Trinidad and Tobago Flag
TRINIDAD AND TOBAGO |
Tunisia Flag
TUNISIA |
Turkey (Turkiye) Flag
TURKEY (TURKIYE) |
Turkmenistan Flag
TURKMENISTAN |
Turks and Caicos Islands Flag
TURKS AND CAICOS ISLANDS |
Tuvalu Flag
TUVALU |
 
U V W X Y Z  
Uganda Flag
UGANDA |
Ukraine Flag
UKRAINE |
United Arab Emirates (UAE) Flag
UNITED ARAB EMIRATES (UAE) |
United Kingdom (UK) Flag
UNITED KINGDOM (UK) |
United States of America (USA) Flag
UNITED STATES OF AMERICA (USA) |
Uruguay Flag
URUGUAY |
US Virgin Islands Flag
US VIRGIN ISLANDS |
Uzbekistan Flag
UZBEKISTAN |
Vanuatu Flag
VANUATU |
Vatican City (Holy See) Flag
VATICAN CITY (HOLY SEE) |
Venezuela Flag
VENEZUELA |
Vietnam Flag
VIETNAM |
Wallis and Futuna Flag
WALLIS AND FUTUNA |
Yemen Flag
YEMEN |
Zambia Flag
ZAMBIA |
Zimbabwe Flag
ZIMBABWE |
Grouped by Equality Status
NUMBER OF COUNTRIES GROUPED BY EQUALITY STATUS
The total number of countries is grouped by how well they score within the Worldwide LGBTQIA+ Equality Index. The index is based on 233 countries across the globe.
46
VERY HIGH
32
HIGH
41
MEDIUM HIGH
54
MEDIUM LOW
45
LOW
15
VERY LOW
Extraordinary people
Over the past 50 years, the LGBTQIA+ global community has seen many positive developments, with rights and protections for its members greatly enhanced. These changes are a direct result of the extraordinary individuals who have stood up, often at considerable personal risk, to advocate for and defend community rights. Discover more about some of these remarkable individuals today.

UPDATE FREQUENCY

Discover more about how often the index is
updated
Gayther Family - Update
To stay current, we usually update all our community indices in the first quarter of each year (before March) to maintain consistency. If a significant event occurs, we would strive to update all relevant indices as swiftly as possible. When reviewing data, it is vital to understand what it signifies and whether it accurately reflects the world and the experiences of all those affected. Changes in any country or region are not confined to a particular month, nor are they automatically triggered. Change, especially related to equality, gender recognition, same-sex marriages, and the status of gay conversion therapy, often requires effort, typically by large groups of dedicated individuals advocating for and fighting for justice and positive change within their local communities.

The indices are designed to help you understand the world around you; however, engaging with your global community is equally important. This is particularly true if you are familiar with your intended destination. By reaching out to other members of the LGBTQIA+ community, you can gather essential information. It only takes a small amount of effort to find people from your destination or those who have already visited it for advice. Engaging on social media and Gayther’s networking platform, Gayther Affinity, can help you connect with the worldwide LGBTQIA+ community.
Last Updated: February 14, 2026
Legal recognition of
Gender dysphoria affects many individuals each year. Many feel trapped in the wrong body and seek to alter their appearance to reflect their true self. For those progressing through their transition, it is often a challenging and lengthy journey, but it is ultimately rewarding when they express their authentic identity. Learn more about different countries around the world and the legal status, recognition, and support for gender identities.
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Helping you get the support you need
When disaster hits, it is crucial to get the right information quickly. From the correct emergency telephone number wherever you are in the world to how we communicate with a medical professional during an emergency, Gayther offers a range of useful tools, such as the emergency telephone number tool and the medical diagnosis tool. Discover the Emergency Services tools today.
Quickly find all the information you need when planning a trip. Home to over 600 detailed country and regional guides, including a wide range of general information as well as dedicated LGBTQIA+ specific details
Search over 900 unique weather locations using the fun and interactive weather tool. Discover the best time to travel to a specific area, when is it the hottest, when is the least chance of rain or when it might snow
Planning a trip takes time and effort. Deciding where to go and how to get there can be a challenge. The interactive travel tool is home to thousands of airports, trains, buses and ports worldwide
Connect with the community
Gayther Affinity is a private platform for the global LGBTQIA+ community. A space that gives you the freedom to be yourself. Helping you communicate with and connect to people similar to yourself. People from around the world from all age groups and backgrounds. Signup for your free Affinity account today
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your community resources
A community platform that features a variety of tools, services, guides, and much more. Free tools and services tailored toward the global LGBTQIA+ community

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There are millions of non-profit organisations, advice services, and support groups worldwide, all designed to help you
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DISCOVER MORE

When we explore, we learn; the more we know, the greater our
understanding of the world
Gayther is a positive platform for everyone. One that empowers people to understand more about the LGBTQIA+ community by dispelling misinformation, to showcase all aspects of the exceptional and diverse global community and all that it contributes to the world
Learn more about Gayther; it’s history, values and mission
Discover Gayther Care, a site dedicated to community support and care
Discover all about the LGBTQIA+ community from the many resources available
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Find the information you need quickly with the wide range of guides available on Gayther
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Discover more about sexuality, from the various identities to inspiring content and information
Discover more about the unique and diverse gender identities within the LGBTQIA+ community
Discover more about the special groups and the people and organisations supporting and helping the LGBTQIA+ community
Not sure what you are looking for? There are many ways to find what you need quickly; the search section provides links to the many search services
Impress your friends with key facts and keep updated on the latest developments and trends within the community
Discover Gayther Trinary, three unique services focused on the different aspects and requirements of the LGBTQIA+ community
NOTES
  • The index has been compiled and is correct as of February 14, 2026
  • The Worldwide LGBTQIA+ Families guide has been compiled using a variety of sources, including news articles, publications and various pages on Wikipedia

IMPORTANT DISCLAIMER: The worldwide LGBTQIA+ families guide has been compiled based on the laws in each country. Although individual states, regions, and provinces may have different rules and treatments, the assessment is carried out at the national level. If you plan to form a family, whether through adoption or fertilisation. It is recommended that you conduct independent research on your chosen country, as laws and regulations change frequently. The guide and data contained within this page are for illustrative purposes only and do not constitute advice. Though we endeavour to keep all information across the site up to date, we do not guarantee the accuracy or completeness of any information displayed. This page may contain external links to third-party websites; Gayther provides these links for your convenience and does not endorse, warrant or recommend any particular products or services. By clicking any external links, you will leave Gayther and be taken to a third-party website. You do so at your own risk, and by accessing the site, you will be required to comply with the third party’s terms and conditions of use and privacy policies.